![]() ![]() 4000 BCE.” On the banks of River Narmada are found speakers of Nahali, the so-called language isolate with words from Indo-Aryan, Dravidian and Munda – which together constitute the indic language substratum of a linguistic area, ca. ![]() ![]() The identification of glosses from the present-day languages of India on Sarasvati river basin is justified by the continuation of culture evidenced by many artifacts evidencing civilization continuum from the Vedic Sarasvati River basin, since language and culture are intertwined, continuing legacies: Huntington notes : “There is a continuity of composite creatures demonstrable in Indic culture since Kot Diji ca. Many of the inscribed objects are seen to be calling cards of the professional artisans, listing their professional skills and repertoire. The evidence is remarkable that almost every single glyph or glyptic element of the Indus script can be read rebus using the repertoire of artisans (lapidaries working with precious shell, ivory, stones and terracotta, mine-workers, metal-smiths working with a variety of minerals, furnaces and other tools) who created the inscribed objects and used many of them to authenticate their trade transactions. What we find in many language lexicons of India are vācas or expressions used in lingua franca, common parlance. In linguistics (which studies language as an abstract system of signs), parole vācas refers to individual expressions of language in contrast to langue. Meluhha-Mleccha is traced as parole (vācas) of mleccha 'copper' workers. ![]()
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